CAT Questions | CAT Sentence Rearrangement
CAT Verbal Ability | CAT Parajumble Questions
The following questions are from the Sentence Rearrangement Pattern that are very popular in Verbal Ability for CAT. Make sure you go through these CAT Questions from Parajumbles to have an idea on how to solve these! If you would like to take these questions as a Quiz, head on here to take these questions in a test format, absolutely free.
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CAT Parajumbles: Good Writing
A. Good writers use more verbs.
B. However, it is hard to write without verbs.
C. The reason is that if unnecessary words are reduced, the verb-percentage goes up as a mathematical necessity.
D. So “use verbs” is not really good advice; writers have to use verbs, and trying to add extra ones would not turn out well.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: The French Revolution
A. The French Revolution created a vision for a new moral universe: that sovereignty resides in nations; that a constitution and the rule of law govern politics; that people are equal and enjoy inalienable rights; and that church and state should be separate.
B. The French Revolution invented modern revolution —the idea that humans can transform the world according to a plan—and so has a central place in the study of the social sciences.
C. It ushered in modernity by destroying the foundations of the “Old Regime”—absolutist politics, legal inequality, a “feudal” economy (characterized by guilds, manorialism, and even serfdom), and an alliance of church and state.
D. That vision is enshrined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, whose proclamation of “natural, imprescriptible, and inalienable” rights served as the model for the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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CAT Parajumbles: The south pole telescope
A. During the 24-hour darkness of the austral autumn and winter, the South Pole Telescope operates nonstop under impeccable conditions for astronomy.
B. The atmosphere is thin (the pole is more than 9,300 feet above sea level, 9,000 of which are ice), stable (due to the absence of the heating and cooling effects of a rising and setting Sun) and the pole has some of the calmest winds on Earth, blowing almost always from the same direction.
C. “The South Pole has the harshest environment on Earth, but also the most benign,” says William Holzapfel, a University of California at Berkeley astrophysicist, the on-site lead researcher at the South Pole Telescope.
D. From an astronomer’s perspective, not until the Sun goes down and stays down—March through September— does the South Pole get “benign.”
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Perpetuating Strandards - Integers
A. As "operating systems", Latin and French outlived the strategic pre-eminence of Rome and France.
B. Nor will Chinese, Russian, or Indian culture soon shoulder aside the American version-high or low- whose draw is embodied by Harvard and Hollywood.
C. Once a standard exists, it tends to perpetuate itself-just like the dollar, for all its ups and downs will not soon yield to the Euro or the Renminbi.
D. By such measures, no other rival, not even China, comes close to America, whatever the country's many familiar failings and riches of the rising rest.
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CAT Parajumbles: Plant Evolution
A. The oldest fossil grasses are just 70 million years old, although grass may have evolved a bit earlier than that.
B. There have been land plants for 465 million years, yet there were no flowers for over two-thirds of that time.
C. The equally-familiar grasses appeared even more recently.
D. Flowering plants only appeared in the middle of the dinosaur era.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Identity Politics
A. Nevertheless, the focus of otherwise very different movements - from cultural feminism to environmentalism to radical jihadism - is fundamentally the same: moral regulation.
B. Identity politics constantly demands the creation of new identities and lifestyle groups, often hostile to one another.
C. The main beneficiary of this shift from explicit political clashes to new forms of culture war has been identity politics.
D. Many of the political battles of the past two decades have actually been battles over cultural values, be it marriage, family, sexuality, abortion, immigration, multiculturalism, Islam or the EU.
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CAT Parajumbles: Indian Village Culture and Polity
A. Patrilineal ownership of lands and the culture of dowry attached to it have turned daughters into bad debts.
B. The control of such castes on local politics aggravates masculine hubris.
C. The bigotry of our village culture and polity is intrinsically linked to a control of land and agriculture.
D. Land makes certain castes ‘kingly’ in rural communities.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: The Cold War
A. The Cold War was underpinned by an understanding which allowed the US to maintain hegemony over the capitalist world and which gave the Soviet Union a regional sphere of influence in Eastern Europe.
B. The bloody upheavals and wars occurred not in Europe, America or Russia, but in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, and were either directly or indirectly a response to the experience of Western colonialism.
C. Despite the aggressive rhetoric of this era, the Cold War was a period of relative peace between hostile geopolitical blocs.
D. In retrospect, what was remarkable about the Cold War was the ability of most of the major players to manage their conflict.
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CAT Parajumbles: The Mandate of Heaven
A. The Mandate of Heaven indicated divine approval of a king’s right to rule.
B. In other words, the Mandate of Heaven gave divine ruling authority to kings that lived a moral life, administered justice, and protected the welfare of his people.
C. Whereas Medieval Europeans legitimized their ruling authority by the divine right of kings, Confucian societies used a similar concept called the Mandate of Heaven.
D. However, it differed from the divine right of kings in that Heaven’s endorsement depends upon the virtuous conduct of the ruler.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: General Yi
A. General Yi knew that the Ming dynasty was more powerful than Mongols were and judged that if he attacked, the Ming would likely invade Korea.
B. Upon his arrival in Kaesŏng, General Yi toppled the government through a military coup and in 1392 CE, he placed himself on the throne —ushering in the Chosŏn Kingdom.
C. Due to his prominence in 1388 CE, the anti-Ming (pro-Mongol) faction sent General Yi to expel a contingent of Ming troops stationed on the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
D. Seeing the campaign as a potential disaster, General Yi turned his troops south towards the Koryŏ capital, Kaesŏng.
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CAT Parajumbles: Gender Equality
Elite American colleges are now widely suspected of admitting male applicants with lower grades, to even up the numbers.
B. At least in the rich world, that wasteful truth has been triumphantly overcome.
C. Stendhal once wrote that all geniuses who were born women were lost to the public good.
D. Yet, despite this monumental advance, much ability, both male and female, is wasted because of tenacious stereotypes.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Hate Speech
A. Hate speech is characterized by a deliberate targeting of communities rather than beliefs.
B. What the management must seek to do is to not let political discussions and debates to descend into vituperative attacks and hate speech.
C. But such an association will be spurious, as questioning orthodoxy and conservatism is not tantamount to hate speech.
D. The student body's activism has been criticized by detractors and it has been sought to be associated with hate speech.
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CAT Parajumbles: The British Empire
A. The main driving force of the British Empire’s global expansion was the pursuit of commercial interests.
B. That entailed helping the weaker side in order to promote a regional balance of power and preventing the rise of a regional power, or at least reducing its impact on British security and interests.
C. Creating a balance of power and fostering regional stability could help to realize commercial goals; hence these became the core of the British Empire’s strategy.
D. Britain put these practices to use in its continental policy for hundreds of years.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Flight Safety
A. The crash in the Alps has launched a search for a solution to the problem of accessing the cockpit from outside if the plane has been commandeered from within.
B. Flight safety has so far focused on threats from the passenger side, and the 9/11 terror episode led to fortification of the cockpit.
C. But if they are in a position to act, pilots can override this mechanism.
D. In exceptional circumstances, such as an emergency affecting the pilot and the cockpit area, the crew can use a code that opens the cockpit door briefly, or it even opens automatically if the pilots are immobilized due to depressurization.
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CAT Parajumbles: Accelerating The Economy
A. Indeed, Indian policy-planners find themselves in a predicament thanks to the continued monetary easing by some nations and the shrinkage in world trade.
B. In this context, a fund-starved country like India will do well to focus on foreign direct investment rather than get unduly worried about foreign institutional investment, which will have its ebb and flow depending on the environment outside..
C. With everyone waiting for the other to act first, the onus is definitely on the political bosses to devise quick solutions to accelerate the economy.
D. Given this ‘new normal’ kind of an environment, they will have to look at ways to protect the Indian economy from external vicissitudes.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Comments Section in A News Website
A. Comments have the potential to turn a news website into a democratic polyphony.
B. But, there is also a danger of it descending to cacophony if readers do not express opinions in a language that behooves the requirements of a matured public sphere.
C. It can become a site for multiple concurrent debates, for registering dissent, for pursuing an idea and finally for building a polity of informed choices.
D. The role of the moderators is to retain the space for polyphony and reject voices that breed cacophony.
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CAT Parajumbles: The Right to be Forgotten
A. Delisting the content under the parameters of "the right to be forgotten" does not mean the information is taken down from the Internet, but that it's no longer readily available to the public through a simple search on an intermediary such as Google.
B. However, those who support this controversial legislation say people shouldn’t be unfairly dogged by inaccurate, irrelevant, or outdated information that turns up when their name is put into a search engine.
C. The Court of Justice of the European Union established a "right to be forgotten" in a landmark decision in May 2014, allowing Europeans to ask search engines to delist certain links from results they show based on searches for that person’s name.
D. A number of other countries, including Russia, have proposed their own versions of the right to be forgotten, which has led campaigners for freedom of expression to warn that such decisions could limit what content is readily available online in these countries.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Solving Economic Problems
A. But that would require a tough look at the economy, at the dearth of productivity, and at how it might be possible to restore conditions of growth. It would require serious investment, risk-taking, and nerve.
B. If those currently carping about the tax affairs of the rich really did care about raising tax revenues, they would concentrate on raising the volume of wealth that can be taxed.
C. The problem with the eagerness to recast economic problems, from a failure to cut the deficit to the continued inability to restore conditions of growth, as a moral issue and an erring on the part of selfish individuals who just aren’t giving enough back, leaves the real problems untouched.
D. These are not qualities today’s political class have in abundance. So, instead, they continue to project blame, singling out individuals for moral censure in the hope that they will increase their payments to the state.
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CAT Parajumbles: Sortition
A. A more vital, dynamic and inclusive form of democracy is generated as the risk of corruption reduces, election fever abates and attention to the common good increases.
B. As those who have been drafted are exposed to expert opinion, objective information and public debate, voting is not simply based on gut feel, but careful deliberation.
C. Renaissance states such as Venice and Florence experienced centuries of political stability by practicing democracy on the basis of sortition, or drafting by lot.
D. With sortition, everyone does not vote on an issue few understand, but a random sample of the population is drafted to come to grips with the problem, in order to take a sensible decision.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Urbanization and Infectious Disease
A. With vaccination, arguably our strongest and most cost-effective defense against infectious disease, urbanization is already presenting challenges.
B. It used to be the case that the one-in-five children missing out on a full course of even the most basic vaccines lived in remote rural communities.
C. Without strong health systems in place, the higher the population density the more difficult it becomes to prevent and control outbreaks, and not just because of the increased risk of contagion.
D. Today, we’re increasingly discovering that many of these hardest-to-reach children are in marginalized urban communities – right in the heart of cities, often hiding in plain sight.
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CAT Parajumbles: Jellyfish and Climate Change
A. Not only can jellyfish withstand the impact of climate change, they also have the capacity to accelerate it.
B. At the same time, jellyfish also consume vast amounts of plankton, which are a major means of taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and oceans. Their loss can hasten climate change.
C. Jellyfish are better prepared than other marine life for the changing ocean environment, such as warmer temperatures, salinity changes, ocean acidification and pollution.
D. They release carbon-rich feces and mucus that bacteria prefer to use for respiration, turning these bacteria into carbon dioxide factories.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Athletes and the Media
A. Athletes may not be role models, but they’re certainly digital lightning rods.
B. Nearly twenty years ago athletes did as they pleased, only entering the public news scope if an off-the-court/field dustup was so monumental that the nightly news couldn’t afford not to cover it.
C. Athletes might want the ability to make millions while still being able to crack off-kilter and slightly offensive jokes without seeing the number of zeroes in their paycheck affected, but that’s not how it works.
D. Today, thanks to the advancement in social media with tools like Facebook and Twitter, athletes have signed up for a 24 hour a day news conference.
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CAT Parajumbles: The Earth's Orbital Tilt
A. According to scientists from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the current melting of ice in Greenland is already causing the tilt to change at a rate of approximately 2.6 cm each year.
B. While a natural event such as this could bring about major changes to the climate, some scientists are warning that there is a possibility for reverse feedback.
C. The Earth's orbital tilt is said to vary between 22 and 25 degrees roughly every 41,000 years.
D. In other words, instead of an orbital tilt causing climate change, current changes in climate could end up causing changes in the Earth's axial tilt.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: War and Peace
A. One of the beauties of Leo Tolstoy’s novel 'War and Peace' is that it does not end when the war ends.
B. It ends instead when the hero gets married, and settles down to a life of routine, even boredom.
C. In conveying this ceaseless ebb and flow of life, Tolstoy captures its very essence.
D. Concluding it at the moment of heroic drama would have destroyed the integrity of the novel.
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CAT Parajumbles: Darwin and the Galapagos Islands
A. What Darwin discovered on the Galapagos Isles was not the idea that species evolved, or even a possible model for how that evolution might have taken place.
B. His ability to see this fact, and exploit it so brilliantly, is why we remember Charles Darwin today.
C. Darwin ultimately owes the near-instant success of his theory to the fact that the islands of the Galapagos made such perfect petri dishes for generating that evidence.
D. Rather, what he found was a naturally occurring laboratory, one exquisitely shaped to allow the study of speciation and to make his model the first supported by real evidence.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: The Oxygen Catastrophe
A. This burnt off many living forms and it took a long time before oxygen- using life forms started flourishing about 500 million years later.
B. Some of this was ‘fixed’ by iron and organic matter of earth, but the rest soon led the ‘poisonous’ gas, oxygen, attain levels of about 20 per cent in the air.
C. Those days, the earth was rich in a set of microbes called cyanobacteria, which started the early events of photosynthesis, wherein the microbe used CO2 for energy production and emitted oxygen gas as the waste material.
D. One such massive upheaval of the earth’s atmosphere occurred about 2.4 billion years ago, during what is called the “Oxygen Catastrophe”.
E. Cyanobacteria reproduced very fast (doubling every 30 minutes), leading to vast amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere.
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CAT Parajumbles: Farming and Fixed Settlements
A. As people turned to farming, they began to live in fixed settlements, which became small towns.
B. Their labors bore fruit; surplus food freed some of the population from farming.
C. In about 5000 BC, farmers moved down into the fertile river valleys of Mesopotamia, and built dykes and ditches to irrigate the arid land.
D. The cultivation of plants, such as wheat and barley, and the domestication of animals, such as sheep, goats and cattle, began in the Near East in about 8500 BC.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: INSAT-3DR Launch
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) crossed an important milestone with the successful launch of weather satellite INSAT-3DR using a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) equipped with the indigenous cryogenic upper stage.
A. The September 8 GSLV launch marks the third consecutive success; the fact that it is the first operational flight by the GSLV carrying the indigenous cryogenic upper stage is confirmation that India now belongs to the elite club of countries that have mastered the cryogenic technology.
B. Likewise, igniting a cryogenic fuel and sustaining the combustion for a prolonged period is a daunting task.
C. Maintaining structural and thermal integrity of the engine at very high temperatures during combustion just a few centimeters away from – 250° C, a temperature at which materials behave very differently, is a huge challenge.
D. This marks a departure from the long history of failures with the GSLV; except for the first, every launch of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), the workhorse of ISRO, has been a success.
The Thursday launch had fully utilized the maximum payload carrying capacity of the GSLV-Mk II by carrying the heaviest satellite (2,211 kg) ever from Indian soil.
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CAT Parajumbles: Past Glory
A. Not long after their victory, the Greeks began to think that they would never stack up to the glories of the past.
B. Throughout antiquity, those warriors, especially the Marathonomachai, who fought and defeated the Persian troops in the 490 BCE Battle of Marathon, would be revered as Athens’ Greatest Generation.
C. Even in the mid-fifth century BCE, Athenians were already looking back with longing.
D. A few decades earlier, Athenian citizen-soldiers had helped to rout the Persian invaders of Greece.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Parasaurolophus
A. Interestingly, most creatures, including humans, vocalise using softer organs and membranes that tend to decompose instead of entering into the fossil record.
B. The family of duck-billed dinosaurs known as Parasaurolophus had been at the centre of the paleo-acoustic conversation.
C. They are herbivorous creatures named for the shape of their mouths, but better known for the large, bony crests arching over the back of their heads like a single blunted horn.
D. Parasaurolophus is a rarity in this regard, as no other animal has been known to dedicate so much hard, fossil-friendly tissue to making noise.
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CAT Parajumbles: The International Criminal Court
A. Even if the Court is not motivated by an anti-African agenda, it is no less concerning that it acts, without fail, in concert with its North Atlantic backers.
B. It simply reproduces a Western narrative of Russian aggression that justifies NATO’s largest build-up of military forces in eastern Europe since the Cold War.
C. That military intervention in Africa by former colonial powers has been followed, almost without exception, by the International Criminal Court’s juridical intervention, leaves Africans understandably suspicious.
D. And the Court’s recent decision to launch an investigation into South Ossetia—its first extra-African investigation—is but of a piece with its earlier interventions, doing little to assuage that concern.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: The Perseid Meteor Shower
A. Despite the comet taking 133 years to pass by the Earth, the meteor shower happens every year as a result of the earth moving through the trail of the comet's orbit.
B. Like any other comet, Swift-Tuttle follows a steep incline when compared to planets in the solar system, gathering a lot of speed as it dives down into the solar system to get close to the sun and out again.
C. This link between the comet and the meteor shower was discovered within three years of the comet's discovery-- by Giovanni Schiaparelli in 1865.
D. The spectacular Perseid meteor shower that is witnessed every August, peaking in mid-August, is, in fact, created by the dust and debris left by the Swift Tuttle.
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CAT Parajumbles: Government Intervention In Markets
A. Every time financial speculation creates a crisis, governments are expected to tax their citizens and use that money to save banks and financial institutions.
B. Liberalism insisted on the separation of the state and the market, and decried government interference in markets.
C. Even if one argues, as some do, that liberal capitalism was always to some extent state capitalism, this signifies a major shift.
D. Neo-liberalism believes that governments should intervene in markets — but only on the side of banks, finance capitalists and lending agencies.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: The Lehman Crisis
A. Had the world’s leading central banks not provided emergency liquidity back in 2008, the global economy would have faced meltdown.
B. But what started as a short-term emergency painkiller then morphed into a prolonged monetary coma.
C. After the Lehman crisis, low rates and quantitative easing were needed.
D. Payment systems would have failed, sparking panic, economic torpor and civil unrest.
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CAT Parajumbles: Means and Ends
A. If you’ve reached the point where you’re ready to hand censorship tools to an authoritarian regime in the name of making the world more open and connected, it’s time to ask what mission you’re really serving.
B. For example: Facebook in 2016 secretly built a censorship tool, presumably to pave the way for future entry into China.
C. When your company’s ends are as grand as “bringing the world closer together” or “accelerating the advent of sustainable transport,” it becomes pretty easy to justify unsavory means.
D. According to reporting by the New York Times’ Mike Isaac, Zuckerberg responded to employees’ concern by assuring them, “It’s better for Facebook to be a part of enabling conversation, even if it’s not yet the full conversation.”
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Ocean Currents
A. As that segment of ocean flow, known as the Gulf Stream, pushes north, it cools and becomes denser and eventually sinks, forming the so-called deepwater that flows back southward along the ocean floor toward Antarctica.
B. The warm, salty waters of the tropical Atlantic cruise northward along the eastern coast of the United States before darting toward northwestern Europe.
C. It also determines several climatic features, such as the latitude at which a key tropical rain belt is located, which impacts water supplies, precipitation for agriculture and the health of tropical ecosystems.
D. This cycle, called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, plays a key role in moving heat around the planet as well as nutrients throughout the ocean.
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CAT Parajumbles: Antiseptics and Antibiotics
A. These chemicals break an essential part of a bacterial cell, but they usually break the same part of human cells too.
B. This is the key to antibiotic function: exploiting the fact that bacteria are similar to human cells without being identical.
C. This makes medical antiseptics terrible antibiotics, as their use in high concentrations may cause tissue damage or slow wound healing.
D. Luckily, sometimes there are bacterial parts not found in humans, or if they are, they are very different.
E. It’s relatively easy to find new antiseptics, which can kill microbes on the skin and the surface of tissues.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Urbanization and Infectious Disease
A. But when it feels other ants walking on its back, the ant simply stays put.
B. When an ant on the march comes to a gap in its path, it slows down.
C. In this way, the ants build a bridge long enough to span whatever gap is in front of them.
D. The process repeats as the next ant in line slows, gets trampled and freezes in place.
E. The rest of the colony, still barreling along at 12 centimeters per second, comes trampling over its back.
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CAT Parajumbles: The Treachery of Images
A. With his iconic painting, Margritte showed how art can change our view of this world and give us a fresh opportunity to attempt to define the indefinable.
B. Magritte, who considered himself a thinker who communicated through paint, wanted to prove that images could equal words in the expression of consciousness.
C. In painting this, Margritte was inspired by the definition of a poem by popular literary figures André Breton and Paul Éluard, who declared that “Poetry is a pipe”.
D. One of René Magritte’s most famous paintings, “The Treachery of Images,” features an image of a tobacco pipe with the words “This is not a pipe” underneath it.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Diminishing Political Authority
A. Hopelessness, exhaustion and dwindling control over national economic life are the themes of politics all across the world.
B. As a result, states have been forced to shed social commitments in order to reinvent themselves as custodians of the market.
C. This has drastically diminished national political authority in both real and symbolic ways.
D. The destruction of state authority over capital has been the clear-cut objective of the financial revolution that defines our present era.
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CAT Parajumbles: Communication in Elephants
A. As elephants trumpet, the high-frequency vibrations of their massive vocal chords reach the ears of other elephants within a mile.
B. This is especially useful in the jungle, where dense vegetation rapidly degrades auditory information, though not seismic cues.
C. A two-tiered communication model based on hearing and feeling provides an effective way of sending messages to nearby herd members as well as more distant rival herds.
D. Remarkably, the low frequencies travel through the ground to be picked up by the extremely sensitive feet of elephants up to six miles away.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Tatar Settlement in Lithuania
A. Tatar was the common name for Turkic-speaking, semi-nomadic people living on or around the immense steppes of the Eurasian continent.
B. Duke Vytautas welcomed them. In return, the Tatars provided their new country, and later Poland, with military assistance against Tamerlane.
C. After the dissolution of the Mongol empire, a group of Muslim Tatars, fleeing the Turko-Mongol ruler Tamerlane, asked the Christian grand duke of Lithuania for asylum.
D. John III Sobieski, the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, might not have won the Battle of Vienna were it not for the help of his country’s Sunni Muslim Tatars.
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CAT Parajumbles: Sans Forgetica
A. The reader's mind naturally seeks to complete the shapes, and in doing so, it slows down the reading process and improves memory.
B. Based on this idea, a new font, Sans Forgetica, has been created by psychology and design researchers at RMIT University in Melbourne.
C. Sans Forgetica is sleek and back-slanted with intermittent gaps in each letter, which serve as a simple puzzle for the reader.
D. People remember things better when their brains have to overcome minor obstacles while processing information.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: The 2008 Financial Crisis
A. A drop in household consumption due to the rise in private debt was a key driver of the recession in the U.S.
B. Indeed, the lack of regulatory control over the growth in credit as well as the flow of credit into real estate was the issue.
C. A crucial aspect of the 2008 financial crisis was the build-up of debt in households and in non-financial firms.
D. This, however, is not to negate the view that regulatory failure was the principal cause of the crisis.
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CAT Parajumbles: Monopsony
A. More recently, the concentration of a few dominant players in many industries, along with the decline of labor unions, has raised the issue of monopsony once again.
B. Monopsony power was a key feature of the company towns that helped define the Industrial Revolution, since everybody served one employer in most of these towns.
C. In the labor market context, this means that negotiating ability is tilted toward corporations, making it difficult for workers to push for higher pay.
D. Monopsony is a situation wherein there are many providers of a product in the market but only one dominant buyer, who holds all the cards and can drive prices down.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Martian Brines
A. Studies reveal that Martian brines today could hold higher concentrations of oxygen than were present on Earth about 2.4 billion years ago, when the first landmass emerged on Earth.
B. Although Mars is today a freeze-dried desert, it possesses abundant reserves of subsurface water ice, as well as some amount of liquid water in the form of brines.
C. These pools of salty liquid can capture even meager amounts of oxygen from the Mars’ atmosphere, creating a reservoir that microbes might metabolically utilize.
D. The brines’ high salt content lowers the temperature at which they freeze, allowing them to remain liquid even on the Red Planet's frigid surface.
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CAT Parajumbles: The Night Watch
A. In 17th-century Amsterdam, it was highly common for the guilds to commission portraits of themselves wearing their uniforms and holding weapons.
B. It was Rembrandt’s riveting interplay of light, motion, texture and expression transformed a commonplace commission into a masterwork.
C. Its status and critical acclaim, though, have little to do with its subject matter: a civic-guard group tasked with keeping watch on the city walls.
D. The painting Militia Company of District II Under the Command of Captain Frans Banninck Cocq, better-known as The Night Watch, is probably Rembrandt’s most famous work.
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CAT Sentence Rearrangement: Political Competition
A. When the perceived cost of losing is sufficiently high, politicians may be tempted to abandon forbearance and play constitutional hardball.
B. When parties view one another as mortal enemies, the stakes of political competition heighten dramatically.
C. Such behavior, in turn, might further undermine mutual toleration, reinforcing the false belief that political rivals pose a dangerous threat.
D. Losing ceases to be a routine and accepted part of the political process and instead becomes a full-blown catastrophe.
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CAT Parajumbles: The Metric System
A. The quest to define units of measurement using constants of nature goes back to the creation of the metric system during the French Revolution.
B. It was a utopian project, with its creators imagining that a shared system of weights and measures would unite the world, allowing for the free exchange of goods and information.
C. The metric system was created with the intention of liberating the common man and woman from the confusing and inconsistent weights and measures of the old regime.
D. At this time, the ideology of liberty, equality, fraternity was embraced not just by revolutionaries, but by scientists as well.
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IPMAT 2020 Sample Paper - IPM Rohtak Verbal Ability
Each passage consist of six sentences. The first and sixth sentence are given in the begining. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labelled as P, Q, R and S. Find out the proper order for the four sentences.
S1: The future beckons to us.
P: In fact we have hard work ahead.
Q : Where do we go and what shall be our endeavour?
R : We shall also have to fight and end poverty, ignorance and disease.
S : It will be to bring freedom and oppurtunity to the common man.
S6: There is no resting for any one of us till we redeem our pledge in full.
The Proper sequence should be:
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IPMAT 2020 Sample Paper - IPM Rohtak Verbal Ability
Each passage consist of six sentences. The first and sixth sentence are given in the begining. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labelled as P, Q, R and S. Find out the proper order for the four sentences.
S1: I had halted on the road.
P: As soon as I saw the elephant I knew I should not shoot him.
Q : It is a serious matter to shoot a working elephant.
R : I knew that his 'must' was already passing off.
S : The elephant was standing 8 yards from the road.
S6: I decided to watch him for a while and then go home.
The Proper sequence should be:
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IPMAT 2020 Sample Paper - IPM Rohtak Verbal Ability
Each passage consist of six sentences. The first and sixth sentence are given in the begining. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labelled as P, Q, R and S. Find out the proper order for the four sentences.
S1 : A noise started above their heads.
P: But people did not take it seriously.
Q : That was to show everyone that there was something wrong
R : It was a dangerous thing to do.
S : For, within minutes the shipbegan to sink.
S6: Nearly 200 lives were lost.
The Proper sequence should be:
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IPMAT 2020 Question Paper - IPM Indore Verbal
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided.
1)He just harvested the wild grains.
2)The hunter-gatherer went from place to place in search of food.
3)As the crops began to give better yields, this reduced his need to go in search of animals and wild plants.
4)This was followed by an attempt to grow food by scattering the spare grains.
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IPMAT 2020 Question Paper - IPM Indore Verbal
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided.
1)People here are one injury away from starvation, one misspoken word away from detainment or death.
2)Soon, however, she notices the lack of access to basic medical care or education.
3)Life in a rural Kashmiri village seems idyllic to Shalini at first, as she's befriending lovely people and admiring majestic natural scenery, especially in contrast to the cacophony of urban Mumbai.
4)Moreover, the ever-present political disruptions mean that life in Kashmir is far from a Shangri-La utopia.
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IPMAT 2020 Question Paper - IPM Indore Verbal
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided.
1)The study, published in the Lancet recently, revealed that people living in democratic countries live longer than those who don't; they also have less of a chance of dying from heart disease, strokes, and even road accidents.
2)Incredible as it may sound, we are now told that democracy is not just good for the soul, it is good for the body too.
3)Without pressure from voters or foreign-aid agencies, dictators have less incentive to finance more expensive prevention and treatment of heart disease, cancers, and other chronic illnesses.
4)Without pressure from voters or foreign-aid agencies, dictators have less incentive to finance more expensive prevention and treatment of heart disease, cancers, and other chronic illnesses.
5)A study spanning 170 countries found a strong correlation between health and the most progressive form of government.
The following questions are from IPMAT Rohtak and Indore sample papers. If you want to take these questions as a mock please click below.
IPMAT Rohtak Sample Paper Mock
IPMAT Indore Sample Paper Mock
Please note that the explanation button will take you to the IPMAT solution page.
The Questions that follow, are from actual CAT papers. If you wish to take them separately or plan to solve actual CAT papers at a later point in time, It would be a good idea to stop here.
CAT VARC : CAT 2023 Question Paper Slot 1
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2023 Slot 1 - VA RC
1. Algorithms hosted on the internet are accessed by many, so biases in AI models have resulted in much larger impact, adversely affecting far larger groups of people.
2. Though "algorithmic bias" is the popular term, the foundation of such bias is not in algorithms, but in the data; algorithms are not biased, data is, as algorithms merely reflect persistent patterns that are present in the training data.
3. Despite their widespread impact, it is relatively easier to fix AI biases than human-generated biases, as it is simpler to identify the former than to try to make people unlearn behaviors learnt over generations.
4. The impact of biased decisions made by humans is localised and geographically confined, but with the advent of AI, the impact of such decisions is spread over a much wider scale.
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CAT 2023 Slot 1 - VA RC
1. What precisely are the "unusual elements" that make a particular case so attractive to a certain kind of audience?
2 . It might be a particularly savage or unfathomable level of depravity, very often it has something to do with the precise amount of mystery involved.
3. Unsolved, and perhaps unsolvable cases offer something that "ordinary" murder doesn't.
4. Why are some crimes destined for perpetual re-examination and others locked into permanent obscurity?
CAT VARC : CAT 2023 Question Paper Slot 2
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2023 Slot 2 - VA RC
1. Contemporary African writing like 'The Bottled Leopard' voices this theme using two children and two backgrounds to juxtapose two varying cultures.
2. Chukwuemeka Ike explores the conflict, and casts the Western tradition as condescending, enveloping and unaccommodating towards local African practice.
3. However, their views contradict the reality, for a rich and sustaining local African cultural ethos exists for all who care, to see and experience.
4. Western Christian concepts tend to deny or feign ignorance about the existence of a genuine and enduring indigenous African tradition.
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CAT 2023 Slot 2 - VA RC
1. Like the ants that make up a colony, no single neuron holds complex information like self-awareness, hope or pride.
2. Although the human brain is not yet understood enough to identify the mechanism by which emergence functions, most neurobiologists agree that complex interconnections among the parts give rise to qualities that belong only to the whole.
3. Nonetheless, the sum of all neurons in the nervous system generate complex human emotions like fear and joy, none of which can be attributed to a single neuron.
4. Human consciousness is often called an emergent property of the human brain.
CAT VARC : CAT 2023 Question Paper Slot 3
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2023 Slot 3 - VA RC
1. Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist at the University of New South Wales, believes there is a new way of solving this problem.
2. Her vision is for automated drones and robots to pick out components, put them into a small furnace and smelt them at specific temperatures to extract the metals one by one before they are sent off to manufacturers for reuse.
3. E-waste contains huge quantities of valuable metals, ceramics and plastics that could be salvaged and recycled, although currently not enough of it is.
4. She plans to build microfactories that can tease apart the tangle of materials in mobile phones, computers and other e-waste.
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CAT 2023 Slot 3 - VA RC
1. Centuries later formal learning is still mostly based on reading, even with the widespread use of other possible education-affecting technologies such as film, radio, and television.
2. One of the immediate and recognisable impacts of the printing press was on how people learned; in the scribal culture it primarily involved listening, so memorization was paramount.
3. The transformation of learners from listeners to readers was a complex social and cultural phenomenon, and it was not until the industrial era that the concept of universal literacy took root.
4. The printing press shifted the learning process, as listening and memorisation gradually gave way to reading and learning no longer required the presence of a mentor; it could be done privately.
CAT VARC : CAT 2022 Question Paper Slot 1
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2022 Slot 1 - VA RC
1. Some company leaders are basing their decisions on locating offices to foster innovation and growth, as their best-performing inventors suffered the greatest productivity losses when their commutes grew longer.
2. Shorter commutes support innovation by giving employees more time in the office and greater opportunities for in-person collaboration, while removing the physical strain of a long commute.
3. This is not always the case: remote work does not automatically lead to greater creativity and productivity as office water-cooler conversations are also very important for innovation.
4. Some see the link between long commutes and productivity as support for work-from-home scenarios, as many workers have grown accustomed to their commute-free arrangements during the pandemic.
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CAT 2022 Slot 1 - VA RC
1. The creative element in product design has become of paramount importance as it is one of the few ways a firm or industry can sustain a competitive advantage over its rivals.
2. In fact, the creative element in the value of world industry would be larger still, if we added the contribution of the creative element in other industries, such as the design of tech accessories.
3. The creative industry is receiving a lot of attention today as its growth rate is faster than that of the world economy as a whole.
4. It is for this reason that today's trade issues are increasingly involving intellectual property, as Western countries have an interest in protecting their revenues along with freeing trade in non-tangibles.
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CAT 2022 Slot 1 - VA RC
1. Fish skin collagen has excellent thermo-stability and tensile strength making it ideal for use as bandage that adheres to the skin and adjusts to body movements.
2. Collagen, one of the main structural proteins in connective tissues in the human body, is well known for promoting skin regeneration.
3. Fish skin swims in here as diseases and bacteria that affect fish are different from most human pathogens.
4. The risk of introducing disease agents into other species through the use of pig and cow collagen proteins for wound healing has inhibited its broader applications in the medical field.
CAT VARC : CAT 2022 Question Paper Slot 2
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2022 Slot 2 - VA RC
1. The trajectory of cheerfulness through the self is linked to the history of the word 'cheer' which comes from an Old French meaning 'face'.
2. Translations of the Bible into vernacular languages, expanded the noun 'cheer' into the more abstract 'cheerful-ness', something that circulates as an emotional and social quality defining the self and a moral community.
3. When you take on a cheerful expression, no matter what the state of your soul, your cheerfulness moves into the self: the interior of the self is changed by the power of cheer.
4. People in the medieval 'Canterbury Tales' have a 'piteous' or a 'sober' cheer; 'cheer' is an expression and a body part, lying at the intersection of emotions and physiognomy.
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CAT 2022 Slot 2 - VA RC
1. From chemical pollutants in the environment to the damming of rivers to invasive species transported through global trade and travel, every environmental issue is different and there is no single tech solution that can solve this crisis.
2. Discourse on the threat of environmental collapse revolves around cutting down emissions, but biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse are caused by myriad and diverse reasons.
3. This would require legislation that recognises the rights of future generations and other species that allows the judiciary to uphold a much higher standard of environmental protection than currently possible.
4. Clearly, our environmental crisis requires large political solutions, not minor technological ones, so, instead of focusing on infinite growth, we could consider a path of stable-state economies, while preserving markets and healthy competition.
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CAT 2022 Slot 2 - VA RC
1. Women may prioritize cooking because they feel they alone are responsible for mediating a toxic and unhealthy food system.
2. Food is commonly framed through the lens of individual choice: you can choose to eat healthily.
3. This is particularly so in a neoliberal context where the state has transferred the responsibility for food onto individual consumers.
4. The individualized framing of choice appeals to a popular desire to experience agency, but draws away from the structural obstacles that stratify individual food choices.
CAT VARC : CAT 2022 Question Paper Slot 3
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2022 Slot 3 - VA RC
1.Various industrial sectors including retail, transit systems, enterprises, educational institutions, event organizing, finance, travel etc. have now started leveraging these beacons solutions to track and communicate with their customers.
2.A beacon fixed on to a shop wall enables the retailer to assess the proximity of the customer, and come up with a much targeted or personalized communication like offers, discounts and combos on products in each shelf.
3.Smart phones or other mobile devices can capture the beacon signals, and distance can be estimated by measuring received signal strength.
4.Beacons are tiny and inexpensive, micro-location-based technology devices that can send radio frequency signals and notify nearby Bluetooth devices of their presence and transmit information.
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CAT 2022 Slot 3 - VA RC
1. The more we are able to accept that our achievements are largely out of our control, the easier it becomes to understand that our failures, and those of others, are too.
2. But the raft of recent books about the limits of merit is an important correction to the arrogance of contemporary entitlement and an opportunity to reassert the importance of luck, or grace, in our thinking.
3. Meritocracy as an organising principle is an inevitable function of a free society, as we are designed to see our achievements as worthy of reward.
4. And that in turn should increase our humility and the respect with which we treat our fellow citizens, helping ultimately to build a more compassionate society.
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CAT 2022 Slot 3 - VA RC
1. If I wanted to sit indoors and read, or play Sonic the Hedgehog on a red-hot Sega Mega Drive, I would often be made to feel guilty about not going outside to "enjoy it while it lasts".
2. My mum, quite reasonably, wanted me and my sister out of the house, in the sun.
3. Tales of my mum's idyllic-sounding childhood in the Sussex countryside, where trees were climbed by 8 am and streams navigated by lunchtime, were passed down to us like folklore.
4. To an introverted kid, that felt like a threat - and the feeling has stayed with me.
CAT VARC : CAT 2021 Question Paper Slot 1
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2021 Slot 1 - VA RC
1. The work is more than the text, for the text only takes on life, when it is realized and furthermore the realization is by no means independent of the individual disposition of the reader.
2. The convergence of text and reader brings the literary work into existence and this convergence is not to be identified either with the reality of the text or with the individual disposition of the reader.
3. From this polarity it follows that the literary work cannot be completely identical with the text, or with the realization of the text, but in fact must lie halfway between the two.
4. The literary work has two poles, which we might call the artistic and the aesthetic; the artistic refers to the text created by the author, and the aesthetic to the realization accomplished by the reader.
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CAT 2021 Slot 1 - VA RC
1. A popular response is the exhortation to plant more trees.
2. It seems all but certain that global warming will go well above two degrees”quite how high no one knows yet.
3. Burning them releases it, which is why the scale of forest fires in the Amazon basin last year garnered headlines.
4. This is because trees sequester carbon by absorbing carbon dioxide.
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CAT 2021 Slot 1 - VA RC
1. In the central nervous systems of other animal species, such a comprehensive regeneration of neurons has not yet been proven beyond doubt.
2. Biologists from the University of Bayreuth have discovered a uniquely rapid form of regeneration in injured neurons and their function in the central nervous system of zebrafish.
3. They studied the Mauthner cells, which are solely responsible for the escape behaviour of the fish, and previously regarded as incapable of regeneration.
4. However, their ability to regenerate crucially depends on the location of the injury.
CAT VARC : CAT 2021 Question Paper Slot 2
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2021 Slot 2 - VA RC
1. The US has long maintained that the Northwest Passage is an international strait through which its commercial and military vessels have the right to pass without seeking Canada's permission.
2. Canada, which officially acquired the group of islands forming the Northwest Passage in 1880, claims sovereignty over all the shipping routes through the Passage.
3. The dispute could be transitory, however, as scientists speculate that the entire Arctic Ocean will soon be ice-free in summer, so ship owners will not have to ask for permission to sail through any of the Northwest Passage routes.
4. The US and Canada have never legally settled the question of access through the Passage, but have an agreement whereby the US needs to seek Canada's consent for any transit.
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CAT 2021 Slot 2 - VA RC
1. But today there is an epochal challenge to rethink and reconstitute the vision and practice of development as a shared responsibility – a sharing which binds both the agent and the audience, the developed world and the developing, in a bond of shared destiny.
2. We are at a crossroads now in our vision and practice of development.
3. This calls for the cultivation of an appropriate ethical mode of being in our lives which enables us to realize this global and planetary situation of shared living and responsibility.
4. Half a century ago, development began as a hope for a better human possibility, but in the last fifty years, this hope has lost itself in the dreary desert of various kinds of hegemonic applications.
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CAT 2021 Slot 2 - VA RC
1. Look forward a few decades to an invention which can end the energy crisis, change the global economy and curb climate change at a stroke: commercial fusion power.
2. To gain meaningful insights, logic has to be accompanied by asking probing questions of nature through controlled tests, precise observations and clever analysis.
3. The greatest of all inventions is the über-invention that has provided the insights on which others depend: the modern scientific method.
4. This invention is inconceivable without the scientific method; it will rest on the application of a diverse range of scientific insights, such as the process transforming hydrogen into helium to release huge amounts of energy.
CAT VARC : CAT 2021 Question Paper Slot 3
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2021 Slot 3 - VA RC
1. Businesses find automation, such as robotic employees, a big asset in terms of productivity and efficiency.
2. But in recent years, robotics has had increasing impacts on unemployment, not just of manual labour, as computers are rapidly handling some white-collar and service-sector work.
3. For years politicians have promised workers that they would bring back their jobs by clamping down on trade, offshoring and immigration.
4. Economists, based on their research, say that the bigger threat to jobs now is not globalisation but automation.
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CAT 2021 Slot 3 - VA RC
1. It is regimes of truth that make certain relationships speakable - relationships, like subjectivities, are constituted through discursive formations, which sustain regimes of truth.
2. Relationships are nothing without the communication that brings them into being; interpersonal communication is connected to knowledge shared by interlocutors, and scholars should attend to relational histories in their analyses.
3. A Foucauldian approach to relationships goes beyond these conceptions of discourse and history to macrolevel regimes of truth as constituting relationships.
4. Reconsidering micropractices within relationships that are constituted within and simultaneously contributors to regimes of truth acknowledges the central position of power/knowledge in the constitution of what has come to be considered true and real.
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CAT 2021 Slot 3 - VA RC
1. Restitution of artefacts to original cultures could faces legal obstacles, as many Western museums are legally prohibited from disposing off their collections.
2. This is in response to countries like Nigeria, which are pressurising European museums to return their precious artefacts looted by colonisers in the past.
3. Museums in Europe today are struggling to come to terms with their colonial legacy, some taking steps to return artefacts but not wanting to lose their prized collections.
4. Legal hurdles notwithstanding, politicians and institutions in France and Germany would now like to defuse the colonial time bombs, and are now backing the return of part of their holdings.
CAT VARC : CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 1
The four sentences (labelled A, B, C, D) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 1
A. Tensions and sometimes conflict remain an issue in and between the 11 states in South East Asia (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam).
B. China’s rise as a regional military power and its claims in the South China Sea have become an increasingly pressing security concern for many South East Asian states.
C. Since the 1990s, the security environment of South East Asia has seen both continuity and profound changes.
D. These concerns cause states from outside the region to take an active interest in South East Asian security.
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CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 1
A. Relying on narrative structure alone, indigenous significances of nineteenth century San folktales are hard to determine.
B. Using their supernatural potency, benign shamans transcend the levels of the San cosmos in order to deal with social conflict and to protect material resources and enjoy a measure of respect that sets them apart from ordinary people.
C. Selected tales reveal that they deal with a form of spiritual conflict that has social implications and concern conflict between people and living or dead malevolent shamans.
D. Meaning can be elicited, and the tales contextualized, by probing beneath the narrative of verbatim, original-language records and exploring the connotations of highly significant words and phrases.
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CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 1
A. Man has used poisons for assassination purposes ever since the dawn of civilization, against individual enemies but also occasionally against armies.
B. These dangers were soon recognized, and resulted in two international declarations—in 1874 in Brussels and in 1899 in The Hague—that prohibited the use of poisoned weapons.
C. The foundation of microbiology by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch offered new prospects for those interested in biological weapons because it allowed agents to be chosen and designed on a rational basis.
D. Though treaties were all made in good faith, they contained no means of control, and so failed to prevent interested parties from developing and using biological weapons.
CAT VARC : CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 2
The four sentences (labelled A, B, C, D) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 2
A. But the attention of the layman, not surprisingly, has been captured by the atom bomb, although there is at least a chance that it may never be used again.
B. Of all the changes introduced by man into the household of nature, [controlled] large-scale nuclear fission is undoubtedly the most dangerous and most profound.
C. The danger to humanity created by the so-called peaceful uses of atomic energy may, however, be much greater.
D. The resultant ionizing radiation has become the most serious agent of pollution of the environment and the greatest threat to man’s survival on earth.
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CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 2
A. While you might think that you see or are aware of all the changes that happen in your immediate environment, there is simply too much information for your brain to fully process everything.
B. Psychologists use the term ‘change blindness’ to describe this tendency of people to be blind to changes though they are in the immediate environment.
C. It cannot be aware of every single thing that happens in the world around you.
B. Sometimes big shifts happen in front of your eyes and you are not at all aware of these changes.
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CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 2
A. It also has four movable auxiliary telescopes 1.8 m in diameter.
B. Completed in 2006, the Very Large Telescope (VLT) has four reflecting telescopes, 8.2 m in diameter that can observe objects 4 billion times weaker than can normally be seen with the naked eye.
C. This configuration enables one to distinguish an astronaut on the Moon.
D. When these are combined with the large telescopes, they produce what is called interferometry: a simulation of the power of a mirror 16 m in diameter and the resolution of a telescope of 200 m.
CAT VARC : CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 3
The four sentences (labelled A, B, C, D) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
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CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 3
A. It advocated a conservative approach to antitrust enforcement that espouses faith in efficient markets and voiced suspicion regarding the merits of judicial intervention to correct anticompetitive practices.
B. Many industries have consistently gained market share, the lion’s share - without any official concern; the most successful technology companies have grown into veritable titans, on the premise that they advance ‘public interest’.
C. That the new anticompetitive risks posed by tech giants like Google, Facebook, and Amazon, necessitate new legal solutions could be attributed to the dearth of enforcement actions against monopolies and the few cases challenging mergers in the USA.
D. The criterion of ‘consumer welfare standard’ and the principle that antitrust law should serve consumer interests and that it should protect competition rather than individual competitors was an antitrust law introduced by, and named after, the 'Chicago school'.
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CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 3
A. Each one personified a different aspect of good fortune.
B. The others were versions of popular Buddhist gods, Hindu gods and Daoist gods.
C. Seven popular Japanese deities, the Shichi Fukujin, were considered to bring good luck and happiness.
D. Although they were included in the Shinto pantheon, only two of them, Daikoku and Ebisu, were indigenous Japanese gods.
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CAT 2020 Question Paper Slot 3
A. Complex computational elements of the CNS are organized according to a “nested” hierarchic criterion; the organization is not permanent and can change dynamically from moment to moment as they carry out a computational task.
B. Echolocation in bats exemplifies adaptation produced by natural selection; a function not produced by natural selection for its current use is exaptation -- feathers might have originally arisen in the context of selection for insulation.
C. From a structural standpoint, consistent with exaptation, the living organism is organized as a complex of “Russian Matryoshka Dolls” -- smaller structures are contained within larger ones in multiple layers.
D. The exaptation concept, and the Russian-doll organization concept of living beings deduced from studies on evolution of the various apparatuses in mammals, can be applied for the most complex human organ: the central nervous system (CNS).
CAT VARC : CAT 2019 Question Paper Slot 1
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) given below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequence of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
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CAT 2019 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. People with dyslexia have difficulty with print-reading, and people with autism spectrum disorder have difficulty with mind-reading.
2. An example of a lost cognitive instinct is mind-reading: our capacity to think of ourselves and others as having beliefs, desires, thoughts and feelings.
3. Mind-reading looks increasingly like literacy, a skill we know for sure is not in our genes, since scripts have been around for only 5,000-6,000 years.
4. Print-reading, like mind-reading varies across cultures, depends heavily on certain parts of the brain, and is subject to developmental disorders.
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CAT 2019 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. If you’ve seen a little line of text on websites that says something like "customers who bought this also enjoyed that” you have experienced this collaborative filtering firsthand.
2. The problem with these algorithms is that they don’t take into account a host of nuances and circumstances that might interfere with their accuracy.
3. If you just bought a gardening book for your cousin, you might get a flurry of links to books about gardening, recommended just for you! – the algorithm has no way of knowing you hate gardening and only bought the book as a gift.
4. Collaborative filtering is a mathematical algorithm by which correlations and cooccurrences of behaviors are tracked and then used to make recommendations.
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CAT 2019 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. We’ll all live under mob rule until then, which doesn’t help anyone.
2. Perhaps we need to learn to condense the feedback we receive online so that 100 replies carry the same weight as just one.
3. As we grow more comfortable with social media conversations being part of the way we interact every day, we are going to have to learn how to deal with legitimate criticism.
4. A new norm will arise where it is considered unacceptable to reply with the same point that dozens of others have already.
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CAT 2019 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. Metaphors may map to similar meanings across languages, but their subtle differences can have a profound effect on our understanding of the world.
2. Latin scholars point out carpe diem is a horticultural metaphor that, particularly seen in the context of its source, is more accurately translated as “plucking the day,” evoking the plucking and gathering of ripening fruits or flowers, enjoying a moment that is rooted in the sensory experience of nature, unrelated to the force implied in seizing.
3. The phrase carpe diem, which is often translated as “seize the day and its accompanying philosophy, has gone on to inspire countless people in how they live their lives and motivates us to see the world a little differently from the norm.
4. It’s an example of one of the more telling ways that we mistranslate metaphors from one language to another, revealing in the process our hidden assumptions about what we really value.
CAT VARC : CAT 2019 Question Paper Slot 2
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) given below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequence of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
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CAT 2019 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. Conceptualisations of ‘women’s time’ as contrary to clock-time and clock-time as synonymous with economic rationalism are two of the deleterious results of this representation.
2. While dichotomies of ‘men’s time’, ‘women’s time’, clock-time, and caring time can be analytically useful, this article argues that everyday caring practices incorporate a multiplicity of times; and both men and women can engage in these multiple-times
3. When the everyday practices of working sole fathers and working sole mothers are carefully examined to explore conceptualisations of gendered time, it is found that caring time is often more focused on the clock than generally theorised.
4. Clock-time has been consistently represented in feminist literature as a masculine artefact representative of a ‘time is money’ perspective.
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CAT 2019 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. Living things—animals and plants—typically exhibit correlational structure.
2. Adaptive behaviour depends on cognitive economy, treating objects as equivalent.
3. The information we receive from our senses, from the world, typically has structure and order, and is not arbitrary.
4. To categorize an object means to consider it equivalent to other things in that category, and different—along some salient dimension—from things that are not.
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CAT 2019 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. To the uninitiated listener, atonal music can sound like chaotic, random noise.
2. Atonality is a condition of music in which the constructs of the music do not ‘live’ within the confines of a particular key signature, scale, or mode.
3. After you realize the amount of knowledge, skill, and technical expertise required to compose or perform it, your tune may change, so to speak.
4. However, atonality is one of the most important movements in 20th century music.
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CAT 2019 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. Such a belief in the harmony of nature requires a purpose presumably imposed by the goodness and wisdom of a deity.
2. These parts, all fit together into an integrated, well-ordered system that was created by design.
3. Historically, the notion of a balance of nature is part observational, part metaphysical, and not scientific in any way.
4. It is an example of an ancient belief system called teleology, the notion that what we call nature has a predetermined destiny associated with its component parts.
CAT VARC : CAT 2018 Question Paper Slot 1
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) given below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequence of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
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CAT 2018 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. Impartiality and objectivity are fiendishly difficult concepts that can cause all sorts of injustices even if transparently implemented.
2. It encourages us into bubbles of people we know and like, while blinding us to different perspectives, but the deeper problem of ‘transparency’ lies in the words “and much more”.
3. Twitter’s website says that “tweets you are likely to care about most will show up first in your timeline based on accounts you interact with most, tweets you engage with, and much more.”
4. We are only told some of the basic principles, and we can’t see the algorithm itself, making it hard for citizens to analyse the system sensibly or fairly or be convinced of its impartiality and objectivity.
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CAT 2018 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. The eventual diagnosis was skin cancer and after treatment all seemed well.
2. The viola player didn’t know what it was; nor did her GP
3. Then a routine scan showed it had come back and spread to her lungs.
4. It started with a lump on Cathy Perkins’ index finger.
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CAT 2018 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. The woodland’s canopy receives most of the sunlight that falls on the trees.
2. Swifts do not confine themselves to woodlands, but hunt wherever there are insects in the air.
3. With their streamlined bodies, swifts are agile flyers, ideally adapted to twisting and turning through the air as they chase flying insects – the creatures that form their staple diet.
4. Hundreds of thousands of insects fly in the sunshine up above the canopy, some falling prey to swifts and swallows.
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CAT 2018 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. But now we have another group: the unwitting enablers.
2. Democracy and high levels of inequality of the kind that have come to characterize the United States are simply incompatible.
3. Believing these people are working for a better world, they are, actually, at most, chipping away at the margins, making slight course corrections, ensuring the system goes on as it is, uninterrupted.
4. Very rich people will always use money to maintain their political and economic power.
CAT VARC : CAT 2018 Question Paper Slot 2
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) given below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequence of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
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CAT 2018 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. It was his taxpayers who had to shell out as much as $1.6bn over 10 years to employees of failed companies.
2. Companies in many countries routinely engage in such activities which means that the employees are left with unpaid entitlements.
3. Deliberate and systematic liquidation of a company to avoid liabilities and then restarting the business is called phoenixing.
4. The Australian Minister for Revenue and Services discovered in an audit that phoenixing had cost the Australian economy between 2.9bn and 2.9bn and 5.1bn last year.
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CAT 2018 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. Self-management is thus defined as the ‘individual’s ability to manage the symptoms, treatment, physical and psychosocial consequences and lifestyle changes inherent in living with a chronic condition’.
2. Most people with progressive diseases like dementia prefer to have control over their own lives and health-care for as long as possible.
3. Having control means, among other things, that patients themselves perform self-management activities.
4. Supporting people in decisions and actions that promote self-management is called self-management support requiring a cooperative relationship between the patient, the family, and the professionals.
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CAT 2018 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. They would rather do virtuous side projects assiduously as long as these would not compel them into doing their day jobs more honourably or reduce the profit margins.
2. They would fund a million of the buzzwordy programs rather than fundamentally question the rules of their game or alter their own behavior to reduce the harm of the existing distorted, inefficient and unfair rules.
3. Like the dieter who would rather do anything to lose weight than actually eat less, the business elite would save the world through social-impact-investing and philanthro-capitalism.
4. Doing the right thing — and moving away from their win-win mentality — would involve real sacrifice; instead, it’s easier to focus on their pet projects and initiatives.
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CAT 2018 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. In the era of smart world, however, ‘Universal Basic Income’ is an ineffective instrument which cannot address the potential breakdown of the social contract when large swathes of the population would effectively be unemployed.
2. In the era of industrial revolution, the abolition of child labour, poor laws and the growth of trade unions helped families cope with the pressures of mechanised work.
3. Growing inequality could be matched by a creeping authoritarianism that is bolstered by technology that is increasingly able to peer into the deepest vestiges of our lives.
4. New institutions emerge which recognise ways in which workers could contribute to and benefit by economic growth when, rather than if, their jobs are automated.
CAT VARC : CAT 2017 Question Paper Slot 1
The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) given below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequence of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
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CAT 2017 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. The process of handing down implies not a passive transfer, but some contestation in defining what exactly is to be handed down.
2. Wherever Western scholars have worked on the Indian past, the selection is even more apparent and the inventing of a tradition much more recognizable.
3. Every generation selects what it requires from the past and makes its innovations, some more than others.
4. It is now a truism to say that traditions are not handed down unchanged, but are invented.
5. Just as life has death as its opposite, so is tradition by default the opposite of innovation.
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CAT 2017 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. Scientists have for the first time managed to edit genes in a human embryo to repair a genetic mutation, fuelling hopes that such procedures may one day be available outside laboratory conditions.
2. The cardiac disease causes sudden death in otherwise healthy young athletes and affects about one in 500 people overall.
3. Correcting the mutation in the gene would not only ensure that the child is healthy but also prevents transmission of the mutation to future generations.
4. It is caused by a mutation in a particular gene and a child will suffer from the condition even if it inherits only one copy of the mutated gene.
5. In results announced in Nature this week, scientists fixed a mutation that thickens the heart muscle, a condition called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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CAT 2017 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. The study suggests that the disease did not spread with such intensity, but that it may have driven human migrations across Europe and Asia.
2. The oldest sample came from an individual who lived in southeast Russia about 5,000 years ago.
3. The ages of the skeletons correspond to a time of mass exodus from today's Russia and Ukraine into western Europe and central Asia, suggesting that a pandemic could have driven these migrations.
4. In the analysis of fragments of DNA from 101 Bronze Age skeletons for sequences from Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes the disease, seven tested positive.
5. DNA from Bronze Age human skeletons indicate that the black plague could have emerged as early as 3,000 BCE, long before the epidemic that swept through Europe in the mid-1300s.
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CAT 2017 Question Paper - Slot 1
1. This visual turn in social media has merely accentuated this announcing instinct of ours, enabling us with easy-to-create, easy-to-share, easy-to-store and easy-to-consume platforms, gadgets and apps.
2. There is absolutely nothing new about us framing the vision of who we are or what we want, visually or otherwise, in our Facebook page, for example.
3. Turning the pages of most family albums, which belong to a period well before the digital dissemination of self-created and self-curated moments and images, would reconfirm the basic instinct of documenting our presence in a particular space, on a significant occasion, with others who matter.
4. We are empowered to book our faces and act as celebrities within the confinement of our respective friend lists, and communicate our activities, companionship and locations with minimal clicks and touches.
5. What is unprecedented is not the desire to put out news feeds related to the self, but the ease with which this broadcast operation can now be executed, often provoking (un)anticipated responses from beyond one's immediate location.
CAT VARC : CAT 2017 Question Paper Slot 2
The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) given below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequence of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
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CAT 2017 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. Before plants can take life from atmosphere, nitrogen must undergo transformations similar to ones that food undergoes in our digestive machinery.
2. . In its aerial form nitrogen is insoluble, unusable and is in need of transformation.
3. Lightning starts the series of chemical reactions that need to happen to nitrogen, ultimately helping it nourish our earth.
4. Nitrogen — an essential food for plants — is an abundant resource, with about 22 million tons of it floating over each square mile of earth.
5. One of the most dramatic examples in nature of ill wind that blows goodness is lightning.
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CAT 2017 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. This has huge implications for the health care system as it operates today, where depleted resources and time lead to patients rotating in and out of doctor's offices, oftentimes receiving minimal care or concern (what is commonly referred to as "bed side manner") from doctors.
2. The placebo effect is when an individual's medical condition or pain shows signs of improvement based on a fake intervention that has been presented to them as a real one and used to be regularly dismissed by researchers as a psychological effect.
3. The placebo effect is not solely based on believing in treatment, however, as the clinical setting in which treatments are administered is also paramount.
4. That the mind has the power to trigger biochemical changes because the individual believes that a given drug or intervention will be effective could empower chronic patients through the notion of our bodies' capacity for self-healing.
5. Placebo effects are now studied not just as foils for "real" interventions but as a potential portal into the self-healing powers of the body.
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CAT 2017 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning and adopted his definitions on the principle of English common law — according to precedent.
2. Masking a profound inner torment, Johnson found solace in compiling the words of a language that was, in its coarse complexity and comprehensive genius, the precise analogue of his character.
3. Samuel Johnson was a pioneer who raised common sense to heights of genius, and a man of robust popular instincts whose watchwords were clarity, precision and simplicity.
4. The 18th century English reader, in the new world of global trade and global warfare, needed a dictionary with authoritative acts of definition of words of a language that was becoming seeded throughout the first British empire by a vigorous and practical champion.
5. The Johnson who challenged Bishop Berkeley's solipsist theory of the nonexistence of matter by kicking a large stone ("I refute it thus") is the same Johnson for whom language must have a daily practical use.
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CAT 2017 Question Paper - Slot 2
1. The implications of retelling of Indian stories, hence, takes on new meaning in a modern India.
2. The stories we tell reflect the world around us.
3. We cannot help but retell the stories that we value — after all, they are never quite right for us — in our time.
4. And even if we manage to get them quite right, they are only right for us — other people living around us will have different reasons for telling similar stories.
5. As soon as we capture a story, the world we were trying to capture has changed.
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