The following questions are from the Paragraph Completion Pattern that appear in Verbal Ability for CAT. Paragraph Completion questions often feature in the CAT. You can expect 1~2 questions from Para Completion in CAT Exam. Given a paragraph and 4 options,the question asks which of the options completes the paragraph best. Comprehending the paragraph is key to solving these. Let us look at some examples below. Make sure you go through these CAT Questions from Paragraph Completion to have an idea on how to solve these! If you would like to take these questions as a Quiz, head on here to take these questions in a test format, absolutely free.
What happens to our brains as we age is of crucial importance not just to science but to
public policy. By 2030, for example, 72 million people in the US will be over 65, double
the figure in 2000 and their average life expectancy will likely have edged above 20
years. However, this demographic time-bomb would be much less threatening if the elderly
were looked upon as intelligent contributors to society rather than as dependants in
long-term decline.
The better behaviour resulting from smart devices is just one threat to the insurance
industry. Conventional risk pools (for home or car insurance, for example) are shrinking
as preventable accidents decline, leaving the slow-footed giants of the industry at
risk. Business is instead moving to digital-native insurers, many of which are offering
low premiums to those willing to collect and share their data. Yet the biggest winners
could be tech companies rather than the firms that now dominate the industry. Insurance
is increasingly reliant on the use of technology to change behaviour; firms act as
helicopter parents to policyholders, warning of impending harm—slow down; reduce your
sugar intake; call the plumber—the better to reduce unnecessary payouts.
The expenditure of time, money and sparse judicial and prosecutorial resources is often
justified by claims of a powerful deterrent message embodied in the ultimate punishment-
the death penalty. But studies repeatedly suggest that there is no meaningful deterrent
effect associated with the death penalty and further, any deterrent impact is no doubt
greatly diluted by the amount of time that inevitably passes between the time of the
conduct and the punishment. In 2010, the average time between sentencing and execution
in the United States averaged nearly 15 years.
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has come out with the dismaying prediction
that the southwest monsoon this year will be below normal. If this prognosis holds true,
it may mar the prospects of redeeming the rabi crop output losses through bumper
harvests in the later kharif season. India's farm sector has certainly acquired a degree
of resilience when it comes to the monsoon - as reflected in the positive growth numbers
in all the weak monsoon years since 2009. However, monsoon rainfall and its distribution
still remain crucial.
By calling for exempting unionized businesses from the minimum wage, unions are creating
more incentives for employers to favor unionized workers over the non-unionized sort.
Such exemptions strengthen their power. This is useful because for all the effort unions
throw at raising the minimum wage, laws for better pay have an awkward habit of
undermining union clout.
The premise that the choice of major amounts to choosing a career path rests on the
faulty notion that the major is important for its content, and that the acquisition of
that content is valuable to employers. But information is fairly easy to acquire and
what is acquired in 2015 will be obsolete by 2020. What employers want are basic but
difficult-to-acquire skills. When they ask students about their majors, it is usually
not because they want to assess the applicants’ mastery of the content, but rather
because they want to know if the students can talk about what they learned. They care
about a potential employee’s abilities: writing, researching, quantitative, and
analytical skills.
Normally, falling oil prices would boost global growth. This time, though, matters are
less clear cut. The big economic question is whether lower prices reflect weak demand or
have been caused by a surge in the supply of crude. If weak demand is the culprit, that
is worrying: it suggests the oil price is a symptom of weakening growth. If the source
of weakness is financial (debt overhangs and so on), then cheaper oil may not boost
growth all that much: consumers may simply use the gains to pay down their debts.
Indeed, in some countries, cheaper oil may even make matters worse by increasing the
risk of deflation.
The 16th century in Europe was a great century of change. The humanists and artists of the Renaissance would help characterize the age as one of individualism and self-creativity. Humanists such as Petrarch helped restore the dignity of mankind while men like Machiavelli injected humanism into politics. When all is said and done, the Renaissance helped to secularize European society.
As democratic nation states reorient themselves to being accountable to global financial
markets, non-democratic bodies such as the World Trade Organization, and trade
agreements such as General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and Trade in Services
Agreement, they will necessarily become less responsive to the aspirations of their own
citizens. With overt repression not always the most felicitous or cost-effective policy
option, it has become imperative to find ways and means to ideologically tame the
economically excluded. This is critical because growing discontent could lead to
political instability.
The real threat from ISIS is not territorial but ideological. Fighters are flocking to
the fledgling caliphate because they are attracted to the notion that violence and
bloodshed can create a space of totalitarian homogeneity. It’s not simply the attraction
of a particular religious interpretation. ISIS offers a counter-narrative to nationalism
and the emptiness of godless globalization. The society that the caliphate has created
is multi-ethnic, transnational, and fully conversant in the latest technology.
The notion of giving offence suggests that certain beliefs are so important or valuable
to certain people that they should be put beyond the possibility of being insulted,
caricatured or even questioned. The importance of the principle of free speech is
precisely that it provides a challenge to the idea that some questions are beyond
contention, and thus acts as a challenge to authority. Once we give up on the right to
offend in the name of “tolerance” or “respect,” we constrain our ability to challenge
those in power, and therefore to challenge injustice.
The East India Company no longer exists, and it has, thankfully, no exact modern
equivalent. Walmart, which is the world’s largest corporation in revenue terms, does not
number among its assets a fleet of nuclear submarines; neither Facebook nor Shell
possesses regiments of infantry. Yet the East India Company – the first great
multinational corporation, and the first to run amok – was the ultimate model for many
of today’s joint-stock corporations. The most powerful among them do not need their own
armies: they can rely on governments to protect their interests and bail them out. The
East India Company remains history’s most terrifying warning about the potential for the
abuse of corporate power – and the insidious means by which the interests of
shareholders become those of the state. Three hundred and fifteen years after its
founding, its story has never been more current.
The only guarantee we have of taste is that it will change. In response to novelty, even
as the resistance to the unfamiliar reaches a threshold, fluency begets liking. Consider
the case of the Sydney Opera House. A few decades ago, the now widely cherished building
was the center of a national scandal. Not only did the building not fit the traditional
form of an opera house; it did not fit the traditional form of a building. No one
thought an opera house could look like the Sydney Opera House until architect Jørn
Utzon, taking his idea from a peeled orange, said it could. Utzon changed the idea of
what one could ask for in the building, projecting future tastes no one knew they had.
Behavioral geneticists have found that the effects of being brought up in a given family
are sometimes detectable in childhood, but that they tend to peter out by the time the
child has grown up. That is, the reach of the genes appears to get stronger as we age,
not weaker. Perhaps our genes affect our environments, which in turn affect ourselves.
Young children are at the mercy of parents and have to adapt to a world that is not of
their choosing. As they get older, however, they can gravitate to the micro-environments
that best suit their natures. Whatever genetic quirks incline a youth toward one niche
or another will be magnified over time as they develop the parts of themselves that
allow them to flourish in their chosen worlds.
The Indians got to zero in two stages. First they overcame the problem of denoting empty
spaces in place-value notation by drawing a circle around the space where there was a
"missing" entry. This much the Babylonians had done. The circle gave rise to the
present-day symbol 0 for zero. The second step was to regard that extra symbol just like
the other nine. This meant developing the rules for doing arithmetic using this
additional symbol along with all the others. This second step – changing the underlying
conception so that the rules of arithmetic operated not on the numbers themselves but on
symbols for the numbers – was the key.
The true essence of a writer’s voice lies far beneath the surface. It is not merely a
matter of grammar and word choice. It is the writer's craving to connect. It is less
craft and more courage – less ink and more blood. It is not only how the writer tells
his story; it is the story he chooses tell. The story he must tell. It is the reason he
writes.
When components of his New Deal got struck down by the Supreme Court of the United
States, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt threatened to increase the number of its
judges from nine to fifteen through a court-reform bill. He reasoned that packing the
court with six new judges would bring about a new majority that would side with the
government. _________________________________________. For, in 1937, Justice Owen
Roberts changed his vote to side with the government-leaning judges, and Roosevelt
thereafter did not need to pursue court packing.
Choose the option which
fits in best in the given blank:
To mediate the competing claims of individuals, communities and the state, very early on
in its history, the Supreme Court invented something that it called the “essential
religious practices test”. Under this test, ostensibly religious practices could gain
constitutional sanction only if — in the view of the Court — they were “essential” or
“integral” to the religion in question. In the beginning, the court emphasized that
essential religious practices would have to be determined by taking an internal point of
view, and looking to the tenets and the doctrines of the religion itself. In later
years, however, the court began to take an increasingly interventionist stance, using
the essential religious practices test to make wide-ranging — often untethered — claims
about religions, and even trying to mold religions into more rationalistic and
homogenous monoliths, while marginalizing dissident traditions.
In his book, The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins puts forth the radical theory that all
living creatures are essentially vehicles for their genes, and exist merely to transmit
and propagate their genes._____________________________________________________In fact,
Dawkins later wrote that his choice of the word “selfish” was wrong, since it attributed
an anthropomorphic quality to what is essentially a bunch of chemicals. A better term,
he thought, would have been “the immortal gene”.
Choose the option which fits in
best in the given blank:
___________________________________________________________.For instance, 19th-century
Japan was a world where steam and sail, railroads and rickshaws all shared common space.
Industrial revolutions were distributed unequally in place and time. In the Second World
War, the most common transport for the German army wasn’t tanks and other motorized
vehicles but horses. The technological world wasn’t flat. This is the world, still,
today. It is lumpy and bumpy, with old and new technologies accumulating on top of and
beside each other.
Choose the option which fits in best in the given
blank:
Economic models are stylized abstractions of reality; designing them is an art and a
science. I once had a professor who’d compare economic models to maps.
_____________________________. The same is true for economic models. You choose what’s
important to include in order to understand how certain factors relate to each other.
Even then, the math gets very complicated. Equations help economists see subtle points,
higher order effects, changes in incentives, and how their ideas relate to earlier work.
It also helps them to test their theories on data.
Choose the option which fits
in best in the given blank:
_________________________________________________. In his book, The Republic, Plato
proffered a parable in which Socrates celebrates the solitary philosopher. In the
allegory of the cave, the philosopher escapes from the darkness of an underground den –
and from the company of other humans – into the sunlight of contemplative thought. Alone
but not lonely, the philosopher becomes attuned to her inner self and the world. In
solitude, the soundless dialogue ‘which the soul holds with herself’ finally becomes
audible.
Choose the option which fits in best in the given blank:
While your intentional mind is thoughtful, it's easily waylaid by deep-seated habits. If
you're trying to lose weight, for example, standard interventions like weight loss
programs will leave your intentional mind feeling motivated, but they won't feed your
habitual mind. To accomplish that, you must first derail existing habits and create a
window of opportunity to act on new intentions.
As ambivalence is often linked to the victories of populists, there is a general sense
that our ambivalence is destabilizing, dangerous and needs to be purged. The failure to
reach clarity implies a failed agency on the part of the ambivalent citizen; it is they
who carry the burden of resolving their own feelings and returning to a place of
undivided certainty. Yet, the more we dismiss and disparage ambivalence, rebuking voters
who “should know better”, the more we risk its manifestation in destructive
ways.
_________________________________________________. For instance, they were effective in
putting pressure of South Africa’s apartheid government because they complimented
political organizing by the country’s black majority. South Africans, including whites,
also tended to view their country as a democracy and were sensitive to being turned into
a pariah state.
Choose the option which fits in best in the given blank:
The idea that you can increase your emotional intelligence by broadening your emotion
vocabulary is grounded in neuroscience. Your brain is not static; it rewires itself with
experience. When you learn new emotion words, you sculpt your brain’s micro wiring,
giving it the means to construct new emotional experiences. And the more emotions that
you know, the more finely your brain can construct emotional meaning automatically from
other people’s actions.
_________________________________________________. For example, two of the world’s
best-loved and most abiding narratives – The Lord of the Rings and the Narnia series –
invoke values that were familiar in the middle ages but are generally considered
repulsive today. Disorder in these stories is characterized by the usurpation of
rightful kings or their rightful heirs; justice and order rely on their restoration. We
find ourselves cheering the resumption of autocracy, the destruction of industry and
even, in the case of Narnia, the triumph of divine right over secular power.
Choose the option which fits in best in the given blank:
We have good reason, of course, to be cynical about the morality of politicians. But if
money alone was sufficient to buy the loyalty of legislators, there would be serial
instability. Too many politicians, to paraphrase Oscar Wilde, can resist everything but
temptation.
Choose the option which fits in best in the given blank:
_________________________________________________. When asked to think of a random number
between 1 and 10, most people will think of 7. This response is determined by
arithmetic. The numbers 1 and 10 don't feel random enough; neither does 5, which is
right in the middle; nor do 2 and the even numbers, which are factors or multiples of
others. The number 7 emerges the winner more often than not, since it is the only number
that cannot be divided or multiplied within the first 10.
Choose the option
which fits in best in the given blank:
We would do better to worry about what humans might do with Artificial Intelligence (AI),
rather than what it might do by itself. We humans are far more likely to deploy
intelligent systems against each other, or to become over-reliant on them. As in the
fable of the sorcerer’s apprentice, if AIs do cause harm, it’s more likely to be because
we give them well-meaning but ill-thought-through goals – not because they wish to
conquer us.
When a constitutional challenge pits individuals against the state, the court’s task is
clear: if it finds that there has been a breach by the state, it must strike down the
offending law, and vindicate the rights at issue. When, however, the court is called
upon to settle a battle in the culture wars, the task is fraught with greater
complexity. This is because these conflicts often represent deep, long-standing and
irreconcilable divisions in society, touching issues of personal belief and
conviction.
___________________________________________________________. They are allergic to
reflection and are naturally kinetic. They despise policy detail, nuance and pauses for
thought. The essence of populism is not democracy, but the insistence that there are
simple solutions to complex problems – solutions that are withheld from the public by a
metropolitan elite of “saboteurs”, “enemies of the people” and consumers of carrot cake.
Choose the option which fits in best in the given blank:
Violence is akin to infectious disease. One event leads to another : just as flu causes
more flu, violence causes more violence. To contain infectious diseases, public health
officials try to get people to change their behavior so that a rapid effect can be seen
even when larger structural factors can’t be tackled. Yet, when it comes to violence,
the discussion is often underpinned by an assumption that this behavior is innate and
immutable, and that people engaging in it are beyond redemption.
It is low mathematical maturity that causes crippling math anxiety in students.
Unfortunately, math education that focuses on procedures and formulas stokes the
problem. To develop mathematical maturity, students have to be encouraged to think about
the concepts they learn. They have to be encouraged to ask themselves the questions that
mathematicians often ask themselves: Why is this result true? Why does this procedure
work? Can this problem be solved in a different way? Why is this result important? And
so on.
Many countries with abundant natural resources seem to suffer from slower economic
growth, more corruption, more conflict, more authoritarian politics and more poverty
than their peers with fewer resources. Academics studying this oddity have worked out
that the poor performance of these countries isn't only because powerful crooks siphon
off money and stash it offshore, though that is also true. The startling idea that they
have discovered is that money flowing from natural resources could make the people in
these countries even worse off than if the riches had never been discovered.
The human self is the next great frontier of the Silicon Valley, which has introduced a
slew of technology products for dieting. These products have a whole new language, one
that encourages people to think and talk about nutrition differently. Dieting is no
longer a necessary problem of vanity, as it has been historically termed, but a problem
of knowledge and efficiency—a rhetorical shift with broad implications for how people
think of themselves. Where bodies might have previously been idealized as personal
temples, they’re now just another device to be managed, a system whose use people are
expected to master.
A series of fascinating papers suggest that in humans and other social mammals, social
pain and physical pain are processed by the same neural circuits. This might explain
why, in many languages, it is hard to describe the impact of breaking social bonds
without the words we use to denote physical pain and injury. Social contact even reduces
physical pain.
In strictly economic terms, the political character of a nation's trading partners should
not matter. However, in a world of strategic competition, international commerce can be,
and usually is, an instrument of policy, and its use in that context should not be
denied simply because it breaches the sacred principle of free trade.
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__________________Infrastructure, in the form of paved surfaces, disrupts water
absorption and lowers water retention. This leads to disastrous levels of flooding which
diminishes the biodiversity and impoverishes the people of the region.
Land should be
used mindfully to prevent water logging during heavy rains.
Few look forward to old age and all that it brings in its wake - deteriorating health, loss of vigour, restricted mobility, increasing dependence on others, not to mention a sense of foreboding and anxiety. Yet, one has to learn to cope with the onset of old age. Firstly, it is imperative to prepare to accept old age in spite of the restrictions or limitations it imposes on one's mobility. Equally important is the need to adopt a positive attitude towards life.
_______________Above all, peace of mind, is the efficacious balm
that brings equanimity to one's life. We must resign ourselves to growing old, and in
the process let us try to make life as fulfilling and meaningful as possible.
The Arab Spring is widely believed to have stemmed from dissatisfaction with the rule of
local governments, though some have speculated that wide gaps in income levels may have
had a hand as well. Issues such as political corruption, human rights violations,
unemployment, and educated but dissatisfied youth may have been responsible as
well._____________________
The Questions that follow, are from actual CAT papers. If you wish to take them separately or plan to solve actual CAT papers at a later point in time, It would be a good idea to stop here.
There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence:This philosophical cut at one's core beliefs, values, and way of life is difficult enough.
Paragraph: The experience of reading philosophy is often disquieting. When reading philosophy, the values around which one has heretofore organised one's life may come to look provincial, flatly wrong, or even evil. ___(1)___. When beliefs previously held as truths are rendered implausible, new beliefs, values, and ways of living may be required. ___(2)___. What's worse, philosophers admonish each other to remain unsutured until such time as a defensible new answer is revealed or constructed. Sometimes philosophical writing is even strictly critical in that it does not even attempt to provide an alternative after tearing down a cultural or conceptual citadel. ___(3)___. The reader of philosophy must be prepared for the possibility of this experience. While reading philosophy can help one clarify one's values, and even make one self-conscious for the first time of the fact that there are good reasons for believing what one believes, it can also generate unremediated doubt that is difficult to live with. ___(4)___.
Paragraph: The researchers also uncovered an unexpected genetic link between Native Americans and Japanese people. ___(1)___. During the deglaciation period, another group branched out from northern coastal China and travelled to Japan. ___(2)___. "We were surprised to find that this ancestral source also contributed to the Japanese gene pool, especially the indigenous Ainus," says Li. ___(3)___. They shared similarities in how they crafted stemmed projectile points for arrowheads and spears. ___(4)___. "This suggests that the Pleistocene connection among the Americas, China, and Japan was not confined to culture but also to genetics," says senior author Qing-Peng Kong, an evolutionary geneticist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Paragraph: Research has hypothesised that the earliest evidence of human lip kissing originated in a very specific geographical location in South Asia 3,500 years ago.___(1)___. From there it may have spread to other regions, simultaneously accelerating the spread of the herpes simplex virus 1. According to Dr Troels Pank Arbøll and Dr Sophie Lund Rasmussen, who in a new article in the journal Science draw on a range of written sources from the earliest Mesopotamian societies, kissing was already a well-established practice 4,500 years ago in the Middle East.___(2)___. In ancient Mesopotamia, people wrote in cuneiform script on clay tablets.___(3)___. Many thousands of these clay tablets have survived to this day, and they contain clear examples that kissing was considered a part of romantic intimacy in ancient times.___(4)___. "Kissing could also have been part of friendships and family members' relations," says Dr Troels Pank Arbøll, an expert on the history of medicine in Mesopotamia.
Sentence: Dualism was long held as the defining feature of developing countries in contrast to developed countries, where frontier technologies and high productivity were assumed to prevail.
Paragraph: ___(1)___. At the core of development economics lies the idea of 'productive dualism': that poor countries' economies are split between a narrow 'modern' sector that uses advanced technologies and a larger 'traditional' sector characterized by very low productivity.___(2)___. While this distinction between developing and advanced economies may have made some sense in the 1950s and 1960s, it no longer appears to be very relevant. A combination of forces have produced a widening gap between the winners and those left behind.___(3)___. Convergence between poor and rich parts of the economy was arrested and regional disparities widened.___(4)___. As a result, policymakers in advanced economies are now grappling with the same questions that have long preoccupied developing economies: mainly how to close the gap with the more advanced parts of the economy.
There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence: For theoretical purposes, arguments may be considered as freestanding entities, abstracted from their contexts of use in actual human activities.
Paragraph : ___(1)___. An argument can be defined as a complex symbolic structure where some parts, known as the premises, offer support to another part, the conclusion. Alternatively, an argument can be viewed as a complex speech act consisting of one or more acts of premising (which assert propositions in favor of the conclusion), an act of concluding, and a stated or implicit marker ("hence", "therefore") that indicates that the conclusion follows from the premises.___(2)___. The relation of support between premises and conclusion can be cashed out in different ways: the premises may guarantee the truth of the conclusion, or make its truth more probable; the premises may imply the conclusion; the premises may make the conclusion more acceptable (or assertible).___(3)___. But depending on one's explanatory goals, there is also much to be gained from considering arguments as they in fact occur in human communicative practices.___(4)___.
TSentence: Beyond undermining the monopoly of the State on the use of force, armed conflict also creates an environment that can enable organized crime to prosper.
Paragraph: ___(1)___. Linkages between illicit arms, organized crime, and armed conflict can reinforce one another while also escalating and prolonging violence and eroding governance.___(2)___. Financial gains from crime can lengthen or intensify armed conflicts by creating revenue streams for non-State armed groups (NSAGs).___(3)___. In this context, when hostilities cease and parties to a conflict move towards a peaceful resolution, the widespread availability of surplus arms and ammunition can contribute to a situation of 'criminalized peace' that obstructs sustainable peacebuilding efforts.___(4)___.
There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence: Having made citizens more
and less knowledgeable than their predecessors, the Internet has proved to be both a blessing and a
curse.
Paragraph: Never before has a population, nearly all of whom has enjoyed at a least a
secondary school education, been exposed to so much information, whether in newspapers and magazines or
through YouTube, Google, and Facebook. ___(1)___. Yet it is not clear that people today are more
knowledgeable than their barely literate predecessors. Contemporary advances in technology offered more
serious and inquisitive students access to realms of knowledge previously unimaginable and unavailable.
___(2)___. But such readily available knowledge leads many more students away from serious study, the
reading of actual texts, and toward an inability to write effectively and grammatically. ___(3)___. It has
let people choose sources that reinforce their opinions rather than encouraging them to question inherited
beliefs. ___(4)___.
Sentence: Easing the anxiety and
pressure of having a "big day" is part of the appeal for many couples who marry in
secret.
Paragraph: Wedding season is upon us and – after two years of Covid chaos that saw
nuptials scaled back– you may think the temptation would be to go all out. ___(1)___. But instead of
expanding the guest list, many couples are opting to have entirely secret ceremonies. With Covid case
numbers remaining high and the cost of living crisis meaning that many couples are feeling the pinch, it's
no wonder that some are less than eager to send out invites. ___(2)___. Plus, it can't hurt that in
celebrity circles getting married in secret is all the rage. ___(3)___. "I would definitely say that secret
weddings are becoming more common," says Landis Bejar, the founder of a therapy practice, which specialises
in helping brides and grooms manage wedding stress. "People are looking for ways to get out of the spotlight
and avoid the pomp and circumstance of weddings. ___(4)___. They just want to get to the part where they are
married."
There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence: Most were first-time
users of a tablet and a digital app.
Paragraph: Aage Badhein's USP lies in the ethnographic
research that constituted the foundation of its development process. Customizations based on learning
directly from potential users were critical to making this self-paced app suitable for both a literate and
non-literate audience. ___(1)___ The user interface caters to a Hindi-speaking audience who have minimal to
no experience with digital services and devices. ___(2)___ The content and functionality of the app are
suitable for a wide audience. This includes youth preparing for an independent role in life or a student
ready to create a strong foundation of financial management early in her life. ___(3)___ Household members
desirous of improving their family's financial strength to reach their aspirations can also benefit. We
piloted Aage Badhein in early 2021 with over 400 women from rural areas. ___(4)___ The digital solution
generated a large amount of interest in the communities.
Sentence: This was years in the
making but fast-tracked during the pandemic, when "people started being more mindful about their food", he
explained.
Paragraph: For millennia, ghee has been a venerated staple of the subcontinental diet,
but it fell out of favour a few decades ago when saturated fats were largely considered to be unhealthy.
___(1)___ But more recently, as the thinking around saturated fats is shifting globally, Indians are finding
their own way back to this ingredient that is so integral to their cuisine. ___(2)___ For Karmakar, a
renewed interest in ghee is emblematic of a return-to-basics movement in India. ___(3)___ This movement is
also part of an overall trend towards "slow food". In keeping with the movement's philosophy, ghee can be
produced locally (even at home) and has inextricable cultural ties. ___(4)___ At a basic level, ghee is a
type of clarified butter believed to have originated in India as a way to preserve butter from going rancid
in the hot climate.
There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence: This has meant a lot of
uncertainty around what a wide-scale return to office might look like in practice.
Paragraph:
Bringing workers back to their desks has been a rocky road for employers and employees alike. The evolution
of the pandemic has meant that best laid plans have often not materialised. ___(1)___ The flow of workers
back into offices has been more of a trickle than a steady stream. ___(2)___ Yet while plenty of companies
are still working through their new policies, some employees across the globe are now back at their desks,
whether on a full-time or hybrid basis. ___(3)___ That means we're beginning to get some clarity on what
return-to-office means - what's working, as well as what has yet to be settled. ___(4)___
Sentence: When people socially
learn from each other, they often learn without understanding why what they're copying-the beliefs and
behaviours and technologies and know-how-works.
Paragraph: ___(1)___. The dual-inheritance theory
....says....that inheritance is itself an evolutionary system. It has variation. What makes us a new kind of
animal, and so different and successful as a species, is we rely heavily on social learning, to the point
where socially acquired information is effectively a second line of inheritance, the first being our
genes.... ___(2)___. People tend to home in on who seems to be the smartest or most successful person
around, as well as what everybody seems to be doing-the majority of people have something worth learning.
___(3)___. When you repeat this process over time, you can get, around the world, cultural packages-beliefs
or behaviours or technology or other solutions-that are adapted to the local conditions. People have
different psychologies, effectively. ___(4)___.
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